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Monotypic: Breeds patchily coastal Baltic Sea and inland southeast Europe to western Mongolia and Ussuriland (southeastern Russia) and northeastern China and southern Asian coasts; coastal and inland western and southern Africa; Europa (west of southern Madagascar, Mozambique Channel), coastal Madagascar and Aldabra group (southwestern Seychelles); coastal and inland northern and eastern Australia, coastal New Zealand (North, South and Stewart islands); inland Northwest Territories to northeastern Canada, in south to central California and Great Lakes; winters to coastal Africa, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, India, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, and Vietnam; eastern Pacific and Caribbean to Panama.
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