Europe east to Mongolia, south central Siberia (mouth of the Amur River), and northeastern China, also locally also east on Sakhalin and the Kamchatka Peninsula. The species, probably mostly this subspecies, also is widely introduced around the world, including in North America, South America, subSaharan Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and elsewhere, primarily in populated areas
balearoibericus
Mediterranean Spain, Balearic Is., France, Balkans to Asia Minor
tingitanus
NW Africa (Morocco to Tunisia, Algeria and ne Libya)
rufidorsalis
Nile Valley of the Sudan
niloticus
NE Africa (Suez Canal region to n Sudan)
biblicus
Cyprus and Levant to Turkey, n Saudi Arabia, Iraq and w Iran
indicus
Southern Israel and most of the Arabian Peninsula east to southern Iran, India, Sri Lanka, and southeast Asia east to Laos; also introduced in South Africa
hufufae
NE Arabia (south to n Oman)
bactrianus
Transcaspia to Kazakhstan, Afghanistan and nw Pakistan
hyrcanus
N Iran (south to Elburz Mountains) and adjacent Turkmenistan
persicus
Central Iran to sw Afghanistan and extreme w Pakistan
parkini
Himalayas (Pakistan to sw Tibet, Nepal and Sikkim)
